abstract：:Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common causes of bacterial gastroenteritis and chronic sequelae, such as reactive arthritis and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), are known to follow uncomplicated infections. While little is known about reactive arthritis following Campylobacter infection, our knowledge on the pat...

journal_title：Microbes and infection

authors： Nachamkin I

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Borna disease virus (BDV) is a noncytolytic, neurotropic RNA virus that causes neurobehavioral disorders in a wide variety of warm-blooded animals. Recent evidence has revealed that BDV uses a unique strategy in its transcription and replication and directly affects cellular functions of infected central nervous syste...

journal_title：Microbes and infection

authors： Tomonaga K,Kobayashi T,Ikuta K

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The differentiation and survival of developing alpha beta thymocytes depends on effective T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling upon recognition of self peptide/major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule ligands. Although this concept is uniformly accepted with regard to immature thymocytes, there are conflicting repor...

journal_title：Microbes and infection

authors： Dorfman JR,Germain RN

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:AIDS patients frequently exhibit neurological disorders due to the neurotoxic events that result from HIV-1 and/or opportunistic infections in the brain. This review examines recent clinical findings related to HIV-1-associated dementia, and outlines current areas of basic research that may clarify how HIV-1-associate...

journal_title：Microbes and infection

authors： Lawrence DM,Major EO

更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Chlamydia trachomatis genome encodes glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway enzymes, two ATP/ADP exchange proteins, and other energy transduction-related components. We asked if and when chlamydial genes specifying products related to energy transduction are expressed during active vs. persistent infection in in...

journal_title：Microbes and infection

authors： Gérard HC,Freise J,Wang Z,Roberts G,Rudy D,Krauss-Opatz B,Köhler L,Zeidler H,Schumacher HR,Whittum-Hudson JA,Hudson AP

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, many questions about its epidemiology and transmission remain unanswered. Whereas traditional theory postulates that the disease results from reactivation of laten...

journal_title：Microbes and infection

authors： Morris A,Beard CB,Huang L

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lipoarabinomannans (LAMs) from mycobacteria were investigated concerning their effect on human neutrophils. Two types of LAM, the mannose-capped ManLAM from the virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and the mannose-lacking AraLAM from a rapidly growing mycobacterial strain were used. Neither AraLAM nor ManLAM indu...

journal_title：Microbes and infection

authors： Fäldt J,Dahlgren C,Ridell M,Karlsson A

更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Attenuated Salmonella induce immunosuppressive, microbicidal and tumoricidal macrophages in mice. All three effects are mediated by activated macrophages producing nitric oxide (NO). NO is induced by the innate immune response pathway involving IL-12, NK cells and IFN-gamma in response to infection. NO has beneficial ...

journal_title：Microbes and infection

authors： Eisenstein TK

更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The bacteria-phagocyte interaction is of central importance in Salmonella pathogenesis. Immediately following phagocytosis, the NADPH phagocyte oxidase complex assembles in vesicles and produces highly toxic reactive oxygen species that play a major role in initial Salmonella killing by phagocytes. However, Salmonella...

journal_title：Microbes and infection

authors： Vazquez-Torres A,Fang FC

更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The manipulation hypothesis states a parasite may alter host behaviour for its own benefit, often by enhancing its transmission rate through the food chain. This paper reviews studies on the potential impact of one parasite, Toxoplasma gondii, on host behaviour, both on rodents, where altered responses may be proposed...

journal_title：Microbes and infection

authors： Webster JP

更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells regulate the activity of autoreactive T cells. Depletion of these cells results in the development of a wide-spectrum of organ-specific autoimmune diseases. In vitro model systems have been developed to study the function of these potent suppressor cells. Following their activation via their T-ce...

journal_title：Microbes and infection

authors： McHugh RS,Shevach EM,Thornton AM

更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Infectious diseases are major causes, with malignancies, of morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Increased susceptibility to infections may result from underlying dysfunction of an aged immune system; moreover, inappropriate immunologic functions associated with aging can determine an insufficient response to vacci...

journal_title：Microbes and infection

authors： Ginaldi L,Loreto MF,Corsi MP,Modesti M,De Martinis M

更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The early interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) response after Salmonella infection was compared in resistant and susceptible congenic mice strains differing by the allele of Nramp1. IFN-gamma gene expression in vivo was studied by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR performed from the spleen of mice challenged by Salmonell...

journal_title：Microbes and infection

authors： Lalmanach AC,Montagne A,Menanteau P,Lantier F

更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several glycoforms of CD43 are known to regulate cellular interactions in the immune system. One such glycoform, the CD43 that bears core 2 O-glycans, is also known to be expressed on T lymphocytes and natural killer cells, but only after their activation. Previous studies have also shown that when Caco-2 cells, which...

journal_title：Microbes and infection

authors： Amano J,Morimoto C,Irimura T

更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Highly pathogenic Yersinia carry a pathogenicity island termed high-pathogenicity island (HPI). The Yersinia HPI comprises genes involved in the synthesis of the siderophore yersiniabactin and can thus be regarded as an iron-uptake island. A unique characteristic of the HPI is its wide distribution among different ent...

journal_title：Microbes and infection

authors： Carniel E

更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many intraerythrocytic hemoparasites survive the host immune system through rapid antigenic variation. Among babesial parasites antigenic variation has been demonstrated convincingly only for Babesia bovis and Babesia rodhaini. The molecular basis for antigenic variation in babesial parasites and its possible connecti...

journal_title：Microbes and infection

authors： Allred DR

更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia cepacia has recently emerged as an important opportunistic pathogen in humans. This review focuses on the cellular aspects of B. cepacia infection and the dynamics of the B. cepacia-host cell interaction, including recent advances in our understanding of the ability of B. cepac...

journal_title：Microbes and infection

authors： Mohr CD,Tomich M,Herfst CA

更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G is an antigen-presenting molecule. This review discusses the possibility that this might not be its primary function. HLA-G indeed modulates innate immunity by interacting with immunoglobulin-like receptors and by regulating HLA-E expression and its subsequent interac...

journal_title：Microbes and infection

authors： Le Bouteiller P,Solier C

更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The immune response, both in innate and adaptive immunity, is controlled at several levels, including signaling from the central nervous system. Neuropeptides released within the lymphoid organs modulate the immune response, either as stimulators or inhibitors. The subject of this review is the description of macropha...

journal_title：Microbes and infection

authors： Ganea D,Delgado M

更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Orientia tsutsugamushi, an obligate intracellular bacterium, was isolated for the first time in 1930. Infections by virulent strains are characterized by fever, rash, eschar, pneumonia, myocarditis, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Here we review the general aspects of O. tsutsugamushi and immune responses ...

journal_title：Microbes and infection

authors： Seong SY,Choi MS,Kim IS

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major pathogen causing potentially life-threatening community-acquired diseases in both the developed and developing world. Since 1967, there has been a dramatic increase in the incidence of penicillin-resistant and multiply antibiotic-resistant pneumococci worldwide. Prevention of access...

journal_title：Microbes and infection

authors： Charpentier E,Tuomanen E

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Conventional cell lines are commonly used to study infection characteristics of the human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori. We sought to investigate bacterial attachment to human antral primary epithelial cells, a cell model that more closely resembles the human stomach than transformed cell lines. Primary cells w...

journal_title：Microbes and infection

authors： Heczko U,Smith VC,Mark Meloche R,Buchan AM,Finlay BB

更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Amoebiasis is responsible for 50000-100000 deaths annually. Invasive amoebic disease begins with the attachment of Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites to colonic mucin, a process mediated by the amoebic Gal/GalNAc lectin. The non-pathogenic counterpart, E. dispar, is morphologically identical but genetically distinct. ...

journal_title：Microbes and infection

authors： Pillai DR,Kain KC

更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microbes use numerous strategies to invade the central nervous system. Leukocyte-facilitated entry is one such mechanism whereby intracellular pathogens establish infection by taking advantage of leukocyte trafficking to the central nervous system. Key components of this process include peripheral infection and activa...

journal_title：Microbes and infection

authors： Drevets DA,Leenen PJ

更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis is a useful model in studying the mechanism regulating immune responses between T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th2. Mice susceptible to Leishmania major infection such as BALB/c (H-2(d)) are associated with the induction of the disease-promoting Th2 response, while the resistant mice su...

journal_title：Microbes and infection

authors： Nashed BF,Maekawa Y,Takashima M,Zhang T,Ishii K,Dainichi T,Ishikawa H,Sakai T,Hisaeda H,Himeno K

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Exhaustive information on the Epstein-Barr virus, a member of the herpes family, is described at the International Herpes Management Forum web-site. Cervical cancer associations, AIDS treatment projects, and the Los Alamos National Laboratories provide useful information on papillomavirus infections, as well as hyperl...

journal_title：Microbes and infection

authors： Kotra LP,Ojcius DM

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The primary function of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is to allow the immune system to identify infectious pathogens and eliminate them. Infectious diseases are now thought to be the main selection force that drives and maintains the extraordinary diversity of the MHC. ...

journal_title：Microbes and infection

authors： Jeffery KJ,Bangham CR

更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Motility is essential for Helicobacter pylori colonization. This review discusses the biochemistry, genetics and genomics of the H. pylori flagellum, and compares these features with well-characterized bacteria. ...

journal_title：Microbes and infection

authors： O'Toole PW,Lane MC,Porwollik S

更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Histoplasma capsulatum is an important fungal pathogen in immunocompromised hosts, including AIDS patients. Experimental evidence suggests interferon-gamma (IFN) plays a role in host defense against H. capsulatum. In these studies we sought to demonstrate the importance of IFN in innate resistance to systemic histopla...

journal_title：Microbes and infection

authors： Clemons KV,Darbonne WC,Curnutte JT,Sobel RA,Stevens DA

更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fungal allergy including allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, bronchial asthma, and allergic bronchopulmonary mycoses results from exposure to spores. In this review we have dealt with the common allergenic fungi and allergens, immunopathogenesis, diagnostic assays, and the possible control of allergy in the future base...

journal_title：Microbes and infection

authors： Kurup VP,Shen HD,Banerjee B

更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is a dimorphic fungus known to produce invasive systemic disease in humans. The 43-kDa glycoprotein of P. brasiliensis is the major diagnostic antigen of paracoccidioidomycosis and may act as a virulence factor, since it is a receptor for laminin.Very little is known about early interacti...

journal_title：Microbes and infection

authors： Hanna SA,Monteiro da Silva JL,Giannini MJ

更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is the causative agent of erysipelas in animals and erysipeloid in humans. In the absence of specific antibodies, the organism evades phagocytosis by phagocytic cells, but even if phagocytized, it is able to replicate intracellulary in these cells. In this review, recent advances in our un...

journal_title：Microbes and infection

authors： Shimoji Y

更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The invasin protein encoded by enteropathogenic Yersinia allows entry of bacteria into intestinal M cells by binding to integrin receptors. In cultured cells, invasin-mediated uptake requires proteins involved in endocytosis and signaling to the cell cytoskeleton. At least four different factors have been demonstrated...

journal_title：Microbes and infection

authors： Isberg RR,Hamburger Z,Dersch P

更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The treatment of HEp-2 cells with sorbitol induced massive apoptosis rapidly. This method for inducing apoptosis is very useful to detect antiapoptotic activity of viruses as well as viral genes. Commitment to death occurred immediately upon incubation with sorbitol, even in the presence of pancaspase inhibitor, Z-VAD...

journal_title：Microbes and infection

authors： Koyama AH,Arakawa T,Adachi A

更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neisseria meningitidis, an exclusive pathogen of humans, remains the leading worldwide cause of meningitis and fatal sepsis, usually in otherwise healthy individuals. In recent years, significant advances have improved our understanding of the epidemiology and genetic basis of meningococcal disease and led to progress...

journal_title：Microbes and infection

authors： Tzeng YL,Stephens DS

更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Interleukin (IL)-15 is a recently described cytokine that resembles IL-2 in its biological activities, stimulating natural killer cells, T cells and B cells to proliferate, secrete cytokines, and exhibit increased cytotoxicities or produce antibody. IL-15 also exerts unique functions such as stimulation of phagocytes,...

journal_title：Microbes and infection

authors： Yoshikai Y,Nishimura H

更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Following infection with Toxoplasma gondii, certain strains of mice, such as BALB/c, are genetically resistant to development of toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) and establish a latent chronic infection as do humans. Thus, these animals appear to be a suitable model to analyze the mechanism of resistance to TE. Since the...

journal_title：Microbes and infection

authors： Suzuki Y,Kang H,Parmley S,Lim S,Park D

更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Moraxella catarrhalis has again been recognized as a significant pathogen. The past decade has witnessed an increased amount of research and understanding of the pathogenesis of the organism. This review will summarize the research pertaining to the epidemiology and components of pathogenesis in M. catarrhalis. ...

journal_title：Microbes and infection

authors： Karalus R,Campagnari A

更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Phagocytosis is important in immune defense and development in vertebrates and invertebrates. It leads to swift ingestion of microorganisms and dying cells by phagocytes. How particles are recognized is not well understood. Studies in insects, and Drosophila in particular, argue that these are powerful model systems t...

journal_title：Microbes and infection

authors： Franc NC,White K

更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is increasing evidence that myeloid cells express several receptor families, which include both inhibitory and stimulatory isoforms. The expression of receptor isoforms with similar specificities but opposite functions on the same cell is intriguing. What might be the interplay between these receptors? Some clue...

journal_title：Microbes and infection

authors： Dietrich J,Nakajima H,Colonna M

更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00